First, the temperature and energy of the water increases. In English: you have a pot of water at room temperature. Energy that stays in the system creates an increase in the internal energy of the system. The energy that leaves does work on the area around it. The first law states that when heat is added to a system, some of that energy stays in the system and some leaves the system. The first law of thermodynamics is a little simpler. This means that "One" and "Two" have to be in equilibrium with each other. It’s obvious, then, that the values of "One" and "Two" must ALSO match. But if THAT’S true, then all the values found in "Three", match those in both "One" and "Two". In English: systems "One" and "Two" are each in equilibrium with "Three." That means they each have the same energy content as "Three". And voila! Law Number Zero! Here's what it says: When two systems are sitting in equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. We think scientists had "first" and "second" for a long time, but this new one was so important it should come before the others. We're not really sure why this law is the zeroth. The zeroth law of thermodynamics will be our starting point. If you do, you have to interact with the world around you. Simply put, if you're in equilibrium, you're a "happy system," just minding your own business. If the thermodynamic system is "in equilibrium," it can't change its state or status without interacting with its environment. At least one way must be the transfer of heat. The exchange and transfer need to happen in at least two ways. No third law was injured or killed in this comment, names were withheld to protect the guilty.A thermodynamic system is one that interacts and exchanges energy with the area around it. Suction is the pushing towards you, and pushing is the pushing away from you. In other words, at the initial starting point in the middle of nowhere in the universe, at the final time of reaction, if you were to go where the initial reaction occurred, you would find zero mass and or energy and not your rocket with the gas and oxygen sucked out instantly by the abstract mislead concept of a vacuum as nothing sucks. The math you requested: (Rocket mass and Energy) - (gas mass and Energy) = 0. The flat Earth Society claim to have members all over the "globe". Lastly, if you don't want to hear Newton's third law then there is no sense of talking about a spherical world. There is nothing in our universe that reacts instantly as that would get a speeding ticket for going faster than the speed of light speed limit,not to include the things that are already travelling faster than the speed of light as they would get a slowing ticket for going past, or below the speed of light, starting at the Planck scale. Nice question, but incomplete, you forgot to add gravity, which there is no place in our universe with zero gravity as gravity is a field, also, the addition of time. If anyone can answer how propulsion happens in the ever expanding vacuum of space using rocket technology with math that does not conflict with the PV work formula I would like to hear the answer. free expansion therefore no gas will acculmate at the nozzle to push off or react upon as I have heard some space agencies claim. If burnt gasses come out of the nozzle (action) they will be obsorbed by the infinite vacuum of space A.K.A. If fuel and oxygen are mixed in the combustion chamber and somehow ignited the laws of free expansion eliminate any work from being performed and therefore no thrust happens because there is no external resistance/pressure to get an opposite and equal reaction from. If I am wrong than so is the P V work formula, and please don't throw Newton's third law as an answer, without explaining where the reaction comes from because pushing off nothing makes no sense, and in a vacuum the gasses are subject to free expansion. My conclusion is rockets can not produce thrust in the supposed vacuum of space, because there is no resistance/pressure to work on. If oxygen and a combustible fuel are mixed in a combustion chamber that is in equilibrium with the ever expanding vacuum of space how can any work be done? W = P ext is 0 X any number for change in volume = zero, because any number muitiplied by zero is zero, therefore 0 work is performed.
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